Academic writing

Models and advice for writing essays and lab reports. Including academic style, structure and paraphrasing.

A journalism student writing shorthand in a notebook.

How to structure and plan an essay

Organise and plan your essay using the hourglass model.

Structure an essay

Student using computer equipment

How to structure and write lab reports

Communicate your research clearly in lab and scientific reports.

Write a lab report

A student working at a laptop in the Diamond

How to reference

Include accurate citations, format reference lists and bibliographies in the appropriate style to avoid plagiarism.

Reference sources

Typing on a computer

How to structure a paragraph

Structure critical paragraphs with unity and flow.

Structure paragraphs

Picture of a person's hands typing on a laptop with a mobile phone on the desk.

How to paraphrase and quote

Incorporate others’ work into your own and avoid plagiarism.

Paraphrase and quote

Student writing in a book

How to write in an academic style

Use an academic communication framework to share your knowledge and ideas.

Write academically

Skills development opportunities

Academic Skills (301)

Attend our  workshops, and 1:1 appointments for study skills, maths and statistics.

English Language Teaching Centre (ELTC)

Access our short courses, workshops and 1:1 tutorials to enable you to develop your academic writing style for assessments including academic arguments, critical writing and including your writers voice.

Short courses, workshops and 1:1s

University Library

Access the referencing style guides for your discipline, as well as specialist support and resources on referencing, reference management and avoiding plagiarism.

Referencing style guides

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